Acne
What IS acne?
Acne is the most frequent cause of what we all recognise as 'spots'. It is a very common skin condition that affects most young people, especially in teenage years. It appears in males and females equally. It is usually at its worst between 16 and 19 years of age. Most people find that the condition goes away by the time they reach their mid-twenties. Some people, however, continue to have acne into their 30s and 40s.
Acne is characterised by the presence of 'comedones' (whiteheads and blackheads) and spots filled with pus (pustules). Inflamed nodules and cysts can also be present in more severe forms. The effects of acne can be mild, including a few spots on the face, upper chest and upper back. More seriously, it can cause scarring of the skin, cause embarrassment and reduce self confidence (continued below).
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Acne (Continued)...
In normal skin, small sebaceous (oil-producing) glands lie just under the skin's surface. The oil keeps the skin smooth and supple. Small holes (pores) on the skin allow the sebum (oil) to travel to the skin surface, and hairs also grow through these pores. Some people produce more sebum than others, and as a general rule, the more sebum you produce, the more greasy your skin appears.
During puberty, the production of male sex hormones (androgens) increases in both boys and girls, and this stimulates the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum. At the same time, the dead skin cells lining the pores are not shed properly, and these therefore plug the exit to the skin surface. This results in a building up of oil, producing blackheads (where you can see a darkened plug of oil) and also whiteheads. Note: The black coloured tip to a blackhead is not dirt, as people used to think. It is due to the shade of the skin pigment.
Additionally, the acne bacterium (propionbacterium) exists on all skin surfaces, usually without causing any problems. However, for people who have a tendency to get acne, the excess oil creates a perfect environment where the bacteria can multiply. The bacterium produces waste products and fatty acids that irritate the sebaceous glands and causes them to become inflamed as well as forming pus-filled or red spots.
Although acne is easily recognised by the existence of spots and their distribution on the face, neck, back or chest, there are several varieties of acne. Your doctor will be able to tell you which sort you have by looking at your skin.
In rare circumstances, some diseases in females can cause acne - or make it worse if it already exists. These conditions include polycystic ovary syndrome and other conditions that that produce excess male hormone to be formed in the adrenal gland or the ovary
Types of acne
Acne vulgaris
This incorporates a variety of spots ranging from blackheads and whiteheads to inflamed nodules and cysts, depending on the severity.Acne conglobata
This is the most
severe form; it is characterised by large nodules and cysts rupturing
under the skin, producing scars.
Acne cosmetica
This is a mild
non-inflammatory form of acne, often triggered by thick, greasy make up.